Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Nursing Care Plan Notes
Definition
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is excessive reflux of hydrochloric acid into the esophagus.
Risk Factors
- Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES), pyloric stenosis or a motility disorder.
Pathophysiology
- A weak or incompetent LES allows backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus; decreased esophageal peristalsis and salivary function impair clearance of the refluxed acid, resulting in mucosal injury to the esophagus.
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Assessment/Clinical Manifestations/Signs and Symptoms
- Pyrosis (i.e. burning sensation in the esophagus)
- Regurgitation of sour-tasting secretions
- Dysphagia (i.e. difficulty swallowing) and odynophagia ( i.e pain on swallowing)
- Symptoms mimicking those of a heart attack
Nursing Management
Teach the client to avoid factors that increase lower esophageal irritation.
- Eat a low-fat, high-fiber diet
- Avoid irritants, such as spicy or acidic foods, alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco, because they increase gastric acid production.
- Avoid food or drink 2 hours before bedtime or lying down after eating
- Elevate the head of the bed on 6” to 8” bocks
- Lose weight if necessary
