Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs
Definition
- Each individual has unique characteristics, but certain needs are common to all people.
- A need is something that is desirable, useful or necessary. Human needs are physiologic and psychological conditions that an individual must meet to achieve a state of health or well-being.
Physiologic
- Oxygen
- Fluids
- Nutrition
- Body temperature
- Elimination
- Rest and sleep
- Sex
Safety and Security
- Physical safety
- Psychological safety
- The need for shelter and freedom from harm and danger
Love and belonging
- The need to love and be loved
- The need to care and to be cared for.
- The need for affection: to associate or to belong
- The need to establish fruitful and meaningful relationships with people, institution, or organization
Self-Esteem Needs
- Self-worth
- Self-identity
- Self-respect
- Body image
Self-Actualization Needs
- The need to learn, create and understand or comprehend
- The need for harmonious relationships
- The need for beauty or aesthetics
- The need for spiritual fulfillment
Characteristics of Basic Human Needs
- Needs are universal.
- Needs may be met in different ways
- Needs may be stimulated by external and internal factor
- Priorities may be deferred
- Needs are interrelated
Maslow’s Characteristics of a Self-Actualized Person
- Is realistic, sees life clearly and is objective about his or her observations
- Judges people correctly
- Has superior perception, is more decisive
- Has a clear notion of right or wrong
- Is usually accurate in predicting future events
- Understands art, music, politics and philosophy
- Possesses humility, listens to others carefully
- Is dedicated to some work, task, duty or vocation
- Is highly creative, flexible, spontaneous, courageous, and willing to make mistakes
- Is open to new ideas
- Is self-confident and has self-respect
- Has low degree of self-conflict; personality is integrated
- Respect self, does not need fame, and possesses a feeling of self-control
- Is highly independent, desires privacy
- Can appear remote or detached
- Is friendly, loving and governed more by inner directives than by society
- Can make decisions contrary to popular opinion
- Is problem centered rather than self-centered
- Accepts the world for what it is