B-2 Ch-9 Indian Politics: Trends

CBSE Test Paper 01

Class 12 - Political Science (B-2 Ch-9 Recent Developments in Indian Politics)

Which of the following High court gave the verdict against the prime minister Indira Gandhi on 12th June 1975 and she lost her membership of the Loksabha 1971.
1. Supreme court
2. Patna High court
3. Delhi High court
4. Allahabad High court
Mention any two incidents of violence against the minority community which are a threat to democracy.
Name the two alliances-fronts that formed the government at the centre in 1989 and 1996 respectively.
Identify anyone similarity between the United Front Government of 1996 and the National Front Government of 1989.
Which two diametrically opposite political groups supported the National Front Government in 1989?
Political equations in coalition governments are unstable. How was this concept reflected in the formation of the National Front Government in 1989 and the United Front Government in 1996?
What was the main reason for the anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat in 2002?
List the four groups to be emerged in 1990s.
What was Godhra episode? What were its after-effects?
What was change in electoral performance of Congress party and BJP from 1984-2004?
Study the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
In fact, the BSP under Kanshi Ram’s leadership was envisaged as an organisation based on pragmatic politics. It derived confidence from the fact that the Bahujans (SCs, STs OBCs and religious minorities) constituted the majority of the population and were a formidable political force on the strength of their numbers.
1. Which organisation was formed by Kanshi Ram?
2. Give the full form of BSP.
3. Name any two religious minorities.
4. Why are the Bahujans considered a formidable political force?
In the given political map of India, four places have been marked as A, B, C and D. Identify them with the help of information given below and write their correct names in the answer book along with their serial numbers and the alphabets concerned.
1. The State associated with Narmada Bachao Andolan.
2. The State which merged with the Indian Union in 1975.
3. The State related to ‘Operation Blue Star’.
4. The State whose one of the important leader was Lai Denga.
Explain the reforms in the Foreign Trade Sector.

CBSE Test Paper 01
Class 12 - Political Science (B-2 Ch-9 Recent Developments in Indian Politics)
Answer

1. Allahabad High court
  Explanation: Allahabad High court cancelled the result of the general election 1971 and withdrew the membership of the Loksabha of Indira Gandhi.
The two incidents of violence against the minority community which are a threat to democracy are:
1. Violent Anti- Mandal Protest(1990).
2. Godhra Incident(2002).
The two alliances-fronts that formed the government at the centre were the National Front, 1989 (which itself was an alliance of Janata Dal and some other regional parties) and the United Front,1996.
The United Front was similar to the National Front of 1989 for it included Janata Dal and several regional parties. In 1996 left continued to support the Non- Congress Government but this time the Congress, supported it, both the Congress and the left wanted to keep the BJP out of power.
In 1989 the National Front Government received support from two diametrically opposite political groups were the BJP and the Left front.
In 1989, the coalition government began in India and many political parties shared the government at the center. This political phenomenon clearly reflects political instability and uncertainty.
The United Front was formed to keep out Congress from the government. It was formed in 1996 with the support of BJP and Left Front. With the approval of the Congress and CPI(M), the sitting Chief Minister of Karnataka was asked to be the Prime Minister after V.P. Singh and Jyoti Basu declined. HD Deva Gowda was Prime Minister of United front and then after him, IK Gujral became the Prime Minister.
In February-March 2002 large scale violence took place against Muslims in Gujarat because:
1. At Godhra station, a bogey of Sabarmati Express train was set on fire which was full of Karsevaks. They were returning from Ayodhya.
2. Suspecting the hand of Muslims in setting fire to the bogey large-scale violence against Muslims began in Gujarat from the next day.
The four groups emerged in the 1990s were:
1. Parties in coalition with Congress— UPA (United Progressive Alliance).
2. Parties in alliance with BJP—NDA (National Democratic Alliance).
3. Left front parties (Left Parties).
4. Other parties not to be part of the rest (Others).
In February-March 2002, large scale violence took place against Muslims in Gujarat. At Godhra station, a bogey of Sabarmati Express train was set on fire which was full of Karsevaks. They were returning from Ayodhya. Suspecting the hands of Muslims in setting fire to the bogey large-scale violence against Muslims began in Gujarat from the next day.
The outcomes of these riots were:
1. This violence continued for almost a whole month. Nearly 1100 persons, mostly Muslims were killed.
2. The National Human Rights Commission criticised the Gujarat Government's role in failing to control this communal violence, providing relief to the victims and prosecute the perpetrators of this violence.
3. The Election Commission of India ordered are assembly elections to be postponed.
Performance of Congress party and BJP from 1984-2004 were:
1. In the elections of 1989, Congress secured 197 seats but did not get a majority. Therefore, it decided to sit in opposition.
2. The National Front under V.P. Singh came to power supported by the left front and BJP from outside.
3. The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in May 1991 the Congress emerged as the single largest party and formed the government supported by AIADMK.
4. In 1996, the BJP minority government was formed for a short period. Later in June 1996 United Front with the support of Congress formed the Government and H.D. Deve Gowda became Prime Minister and after 11 months I.K. Gujral came to power to rule till March 1998.
5. From March 1998 to October 1999, BJP and other parties formed alliances NDA (National Democratic Alliance) under the leadership of Atal Behari Vajpayee and regional parties demanded more share in government to extend its support.
6. In the elections, of May 2004, Congress and its allies formed UPA (United Progressive Alliance) came to power and Manmohan Singh became Prime Minister.
1. The organization formed under the leadership of Kanshi Ram was the Bahujan Samaj Party (Bahujan Samaj Party).
2. The full form of BSP is the Bahujan Samaj Party.
3. Religious minorities of BSP are Sikhs and Muslims.
4. The Bahujans is considered as a formidable because it derived its confidence from the communities such as SCs (Scheduled Castes), STs (Scheduled Tribes) and OBCs (Other Backward Classes), which form the majority of the population.
1. (C) Gujarat
2. (A) Sikkim
3. (D) Punjab
4. (B) Mizoram.
Reforms in Foreign Trade Sector: The following measures have led to the liberalisation of India's foreign trade sector to open it to the global economies :
1. The Export-Import (EXIM) Policy of 1991 freed import-export trade from the shackles of non-bulk and non-capital goods imports to exports through a market mechanism of freely tradeable Exim scrips.
2. In August 1991, 6 import items were decanalised and put under Open General Licence (OGL), while other 14 items of imports were decanalised and allowed to be imported through Exim scrips.
3. In September 1991, exports of 63 items mostly chemicals and metal products were decanalised. Similarly, 17 items of exports were shifted from banned or restricted categories for exports to the OGL category.
4. The EXIM policy of 1992 substantially liberalised the foreign trade regime. The imports of capital goods, raw materials, intermediate goods and components were virtually freed import licensing. The tariff on such imports was reduced substantially. The 1992-93 Union Budget brought down the peak import duty rate to 110 percent from that of 150 percent.
5. Unfixed market-determined exchange rate system was made effective from March 2, 1993. This led to full convertibility of rupee on Current Account of Balance of Payments. Under this system, the export earning and inward remittances were made convertible into rupee at the market-determined exchange.
6. The exchange control system was considerably liberalised. The authorised dealers in foreign exchange could supply of exchange at market rates without any ceiling for six purposes: business travel, study tour studies abroad, overseas conferences and seminars, medical checkup and specialised apprenticeship/ training.
7. The EXIM Policy, 1992-97 further advanced the process of trade by shifting the increasing number of items OGL to allow their imports freely. By April 1997, 6649 items were made freely importable.
8. Under WTO agreement, the Quantitative Restrictions (QRs) have been removed on 3334 items of imports from April 1st, 1996 to April 1, 2001.
9. The 1993-94 Union budget scale down peak import duty rate from 110 percent to 85 percent. It was further brought down to 65 percent in 1994-95. In the successive Union Budgets peak rate of import duty was reduced. In 2002-2003, the peak rate of import duty was reduced from 40 percent in 1999-2000 to 35 percent. The low rate of import duty could enable the imports of raw material, capital goods and components at a lower level cost. It would make Indian products competitive in the world market.
10. The EXIM Policy introduced a new scheme from April 1st,2000 for the establishment n f Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in different parts of the country with a view to providing an internally competitive and hasten free environment for export production and export promotion.
11. The import of second-hand capital goods of less than 10 years old has been allowed without obtaining any license on surrender of Special Import Licence.

B-2 Ch-9 Indian Politics: Trends - Test Papers