B-1 Ch-9 Globalisation - Solutions

 CBSE Class 12 Political Science

(Contemporary World Politics)
NCERT Solutions
Chapter-9 Globalisation

Q 1. Which of the statements are 'True' about globalisation?

  1. Globalisation is purely an economic phenomenon.
  2. Globalisation began in 1991.
  3. Globalisation is the same thing as westernisation.
  4. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.

Ans. d. Globalisation is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.

Q 2. Which of the statements are ‘True’ about the impact of globalisation?

  1. Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.
  2. Globalisation has had a uniform impact on all states and societies.
  3. The impact of globalisation has been confined to the political sphere.
  4. Globalisation inevitably results in cultural homogeneity.

Ans. 

  1. Globalisation has been uneven in its impact on states and societies.
  2. Globalisation inevitably results in cultural homogeneity.

Q 3. Which of the statements is True’ about causes of globalisation?

  1. Technology is an important cause of globalisation.
  2. Globalisation is caused by a particular community of people.
  3. Globalisation originated in the US.
  4. Economic interdependence alone causes globalisation.

Ans.

  1. Technology is an important cause of globalisation.
  2. It originated in the US.

Q 4. Which statements are ‘true’ about globalisation?

  1. Globalisation is only about movement of commodities.
  2. Globalisation does not involve a conflict of values.
  3. Services are an insignificant part of globalisation.
  4. Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.

Ans.

  1. Globalisation does not involve a conflict of values.
  2. Globalisation is about worldwide interconnectedness.

Q 5. Which of the statements are False about globalisation?

  1. Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in greater economic growth.
  2. Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in greater economic disparity.
  3. Advocates of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation.
  4. Critics of globalisation argue that it will result in cultural homogenisation.

Ans. The statements b and d are false about globalisation.

Q 6. What is worldwide interconnectedness? What are its components?

Ans. The worldwide interconnectedness implies to interlink the world through the free flow of goods and services, technology, ideas and people across the globe to extend globalisation. The crucial element is the ‘worldwide interconnectedness’ that is created and sustained as a consequence of these constant flows. 

These flows could be of various kinds:

  1. Capital Flow: It is the flow of resources through loans or business investment among the countries.
  2. Trade Flows of Goods: It refers to exchange of goods among countries.
  3. Labour Flow: It refers to Brain drain by creating a favourable condition for employment.

Q 7. How has technology contributed to globalisation?

Ans. Technical equipment as the telegraph, the telephone, and the microchip have contributed to globalisation by exchanging ideas, capitals and place to make convenient to move from one place to another at a fast pace to stimulate the process of globalisation.

Q 8. Critically evaluate the impact of the changing role of the state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation?

Ans. The impact of changing the role of the state in the developing countries in the light of globalisation can be summed up as follows:

  1. Globalisation reduces the state capacity i.e. the ability of government to do what they do.
  2. The old ‘welfare state’ is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as the maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens.
  3. The market becomes the prime determinant of economic and social priorities. The entry and the increased role of multinational companies all over the world lead to a reduction in the capacity of governments to take decisions on their own. 
  4. At the same time, globalisation does not always reduce state capacity. The primacy of the state continues to be the unchallenged basis of the political community. The old jealousies and rivalries between countries have not ceased to matter in world politics.
  5. The state also withdraws from many of its welfare functions take place at the level of economic and social well being. 
  6. In some respects, state capacity has received a boost as a consequence of globalisation, with enhanced technologies available at the disposal of the state to collect information about its citizens. With this information, the state is better able to rule, not less able.

Q 9. What are the economic implications of globalisation? How has globalisation impacted on India with regard to this particular dimension?

Ans. The following are the economic implications of globalisation:

  1. It involves greater economic flows among various countries.
  2. It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries.
  3. The restrictions on imports and movements of capital have also been reduced.
  4. This has spread internet and computer related services across national boundaries.
  5. Globalisation has also led to the flow of ideas across national boundaries. The spread of internet and computer related services is an example of that.
  6. But globalisation has not led to the same degree of increase in the movement of people across the globe. Developed countries have carefully guarded their borders with visa policies to ensure that citizens of other countries cannot take away the jobs of their own citizens.
  7. The same set of policies do not lead to the same results everywhere. While globalisation has led to similar economic policies adopted by governments in different parts of the world, this has generated vastly different outcomes in different parts of the world.
  8. Economic globalisation has created an intense division of opinion all over the world. Those who are concerned about social justice are worried about the extent of state withdrawal caused by processes of economic globalisation.
  9. It does not have equality at par the movement of people across the globe i.e. developed countries have carefully guarded their borders with visa policies to ensure job security to their own citizens. 
  10. It has created disparities among states also by making the rich more richer and the poor more poorer.

Impact of Globalisation on India:

  1. More new jobs have been created in the MNCs like cell phones, fast food etc.
  2. India is playing a crucial role among developing countries in trade and commerce by making some companies multinational themselves Le, Tata Motors, Ranbaxy etc.
  3. Foreign Direct Investment has also been increased.
  4.  It has invited inflow of private foreign capital and export-oriented activities.

Q 10. Do you agree with the argument that globalisation leads to cultural heterogeneity?

Ans. Cultural consequences do not assume to lead to cultural heterogeneity only. All cultures accept outside influences all the time. Some external influences may be negative even to reduce our choice. Sometimes external influences enlarge the choices or modify our culture without overwhelming the traditions i.e. the burger is not a substitute for masala dosa, blue jeans can go well with a homespun Khadi-Kurta (a unique new combination by external influences). Hence, it is said that globalisation does not lead cultural heterogeneity every time but it is supportive to promote cultural outlook and cultural homogenisation.

While cultural homogenisation is an aspect of globalisation, the same process also generates precisely the opposite effect. It leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive. This phenomenon is called cultural heterogenisation. This is not to deny that there remain differences in power when cultures interact but instead more fundamentally to suggest cultural exchange is rarely one way. 

Q 11. How has globalisation impacted on India and how is India, in turn, impacting on Globalisation?

Ans. Impact of Globalisation on India:

  1. More new jobs have been created in the MNCs like cell phones, fast food etc.
  2. India is playing a crucial role among developing countries in trade and commerce by making some companies multinational themselves i.e. Tata Motors, Ranbaxy etc.
  3. Foreign Direct investments have also been increased.
  4. It has invited inflow of private foreign capital and export-oriented activities.

India in turn impacting:

  1. Through responding to the 1991 financial crisis, the Indian economy was liberalised to attract foreign direct investment.
  2. India introduced new trade policy reforms to remove tariffs and restrictions imposed on imports.
  3. Under industries, it abolished Licensing system exempting few specified industries only.
  4. Banking operations by private Sectors were permitted to expand in the country.
  5. To promote globalisation, India has adopted an open economy.

While it may be too early to say how good this has been for India, the ultimate test is not high growth rates as making sure that the benefits of growth are shared so that everyone is better off.