ECO Sectors of the Indian Economy - CBSE Important Questions

CBSE Important Questions
Class 10 Social Science
Ch-02 Sectors of the Indian Economy
MCQs
Q.1During the period between 1973 to 2003, the production has increased most in the
  1. primary sector (b) secondary sector
  2. tertiary sector (d) all the three sectors
Ans.(c) tertiary sector
Q.2 GDP is the value of……….. produced during a particular year :
  1. All goods & services
  2. All final goods & services
  3. All intermediate goods &services
  4. All intermediate & final goods and services
Ans.(b) All final goods & services
Q.3 The sectors are classified in to public and private sectors on the basis of
  1. Employment conditions
  2. The nature of economic activity
  3. Ownership of enterprises
  4. Number of workers employed in the enterprises
Ans.(c) Ownership of enterprises
Q.4 NREGA 2005 guarantees work for how many days in a year
  1. 100
  2. 120
  3. 150
  4. 90
Ans.(a) 100
Q.5 Which one of the following is a public sector enterprise?
  1. TISCO
  2. RIL
  3.  Indian Railway
  4. WIPRO
Ans.(c) Indian Railway
Q.6 Which was the largest producing sector in 1973?
  1. Primary sector
  2. Secondary sector
  3. Tertiary sector
  4. Public sector
Ans.(a) Primary sector
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1 What is the differences between public and private sectors?
Ans.               
Public Sector

Private Sector

(i) The government owns most of the assets and provides all the services.

(i) Ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or companies.

(ii) The purpose of the public sector is not just to earn profit, but also to raise the welfare of the economy.

(ii) Activities in the private sector are guided by the motive to earn profit.

(iii) Railways or post office is an example of the public sector.
(iii) Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited or Reliance Industries Limited are privately owned.
Q.2Though maximum share of GDP is coming from tertiary sector, but still the share of employment in the primary sector is maximum. Discuss.
Ans : (a) This situation is because not enough jobs are created in the secondary and tertiary sectors.
(b) Though the industrial production of goods went up by eight times, but employment in the industry went up by only 2.5 times.83
(c) Similarly in the tertiary sector, production rose by 11 times but employment rose less than three times. As a result, more than half of the population is dependent on the primary sector which contributes only a quarter of GDP.
Q.3 Why does only final goods and services are included while calculating National Income?
Ans: Only final goods and services are included while calculating National Income because:
(a) Final goods are those goods which have crossed the boundary line of production and are ready for final consumption and investment.
(b) The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods that are used in making the final goods. This would lead to the problem of double counting if all the goods of the economy will be included while calculating national income.
(c) This should be avoided because if the value of any commodity is counted more than once it will result in overestimation of national income.
Q.4 What is the meaning of under employment? In which economic sector is under employment conditions more prevalent? &Why?
Ans : A condition in which each individual appears working but no one is fully employed. This is the situation of under employment. People under such type of employment cannot utilize their potential and capacity in full.
It is in primary sector because-
  1. This sector comprises the poorest section of society in majority
  2. People engaged in this sector are illiterate or semi-literate.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1 Why is the tertiary sector becoming more important in India? Explain.
Ans : The tertiary sector becoming more important in India because :
  1. In any country several basic services like transport, bank, insurance, educational institutions etc are required and the government has to take responsibility for the provision of these services.
  2. The development of agriculture and industry lead to the development of services such as transport, trade, storage etc.
  3. As income level rises, certain section of people started demanding many services like eating out, tourism, private hospital etc.
  4. Certain new services such as those based on information and communication technology have become important and essential
Q.2 What is the differences in the employment conditions between organized and un-organized sectors of the economy?84
Ans :              
Organized sector

Un-organized sector

1. Registration with the government.

1. No such registration with the
government.

2. The labourers are expected to work for a fixed
number of hours.

2. There is no fixed working hour.

3. The wages are fixed and extra payment for
extra work
3. The labours get daily wages.

4. In addition to wages, people get some extra
benefits like paid leaves, provident fund, gratuity
etc.

4. There is not any such benefit.

5. There is a job security.

5. There is no job security.

6. The labours are given an appointment letter
stating all the terms and condition of work.
6. There is no such provision of
appointment letter.
Q.1 The total income of the country divided by its total population is Called:
  1. National income
  2. Per capital income
  3. Total income
  4. None of these
Ans.(b) Per capital income
Q.2 Which organization publishes the Human Development Report:
  1.  WHO
  2. UNDP
  3. WTO
  4.  IMF
Ans.(b) UNDP
Q.3 Development of a country generally be determined by:
  1.  its per capita income
  2. its literacy level
  3.  health status of its people
  4.  all above
Ans.(d) all above
Q.4 As per Human Development Report 2006 which neighboring country has the highest income following –
  1. Sri Lanka
  2. India
  3. Pakistan
  4. Nepal
Ans.(a) Sri Lanka
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1 Why do different people have different goals for development?
Ans: Different people have different goals for development because:
Different people have different aspiration and desire. Some may like to have `more income and better quality of education for their children, while others may require no social discrimination and high support price for their crops. So according to the living conditions and the environment in which the person stays, he or she pursue for the goals. People seek things that are most important for them i.e., that which can fulfill their aspiration or desires.
Q.2 Why average income is taken into consideration instead of total income while making comparison between countries?
Ans: The total income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. For comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since countries have different population, comparing total income will not tell us what an average people is likely to earn. Hence we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population.
So, Average income = Total income
Total population
The average income is also called per capita income.
Q.3 Write a paragraph on your nation that what should India do, to become a developed country?
Ans.
  1.  Control the rate of increasing population.
  2. Use of latest technology, irrigation facility, chemical fertilizers, and all information should be provided to farmers.
  3.  New economic policy, international trade, liberalization and globalization should be adopted sincerely and effectively.
  4. Adequate facilities related with infrastructure, education, health, electricity, water, transport etc should be provided to all people of all regions and areas.81
Q.4 What is the main criteria used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
Ans: Per capita income is the main criteria used by World Bank.
  • Limitations of per capita income:
  • It enables to show how income is distributed among the people of the country.
  • Cost of pollution is not considered in this average.
Some other important aspects like infant mortality rate, literacy rate, net attendance ratio etc are not considered while calculating per capita income.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q.1 What is meant by sustainable economic development? Give its main features.
Ans: Sustainable development may be defined as development that meets the need of the present generation without compromising the need of ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Environment and economy are inter-dependent and complementary to each other. Hence the process of development should not ignore environmental issues.
The main features of sustainable development are as follow:
  1.  It stresses meeting the needs of the present generation and future generation.
  2. There should be restraints on wasteful luxurious consumption pattern.
  3. Efforts should be made to invent environment friendly technology.
  4. Fast growing population should be effectively checked.
Q.2. What is human development index? Who has prepared it? Write about basic components of human development measurement.
Ans: Human development index is the cumulative measurement of the overall development of the people of a country.
It was prepared by United Nation Development Organization and it is published by UNDP. The basic components of human development index are as follow:
a. Life expectancy at birth- It denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth. It is measured in terms of life expectancy in years.
b. Literacy- It is measured by gross enrollment ratio for three levels means enrollment ratio for primary school, secondary school and higher education beyond secondary school. Per capita income- It is calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared. It is also done in a way so that every dollar would buy the same amount of goods and services in any country.